splints

Splints are devices that immobilize a limb or body part to support healing after injury or surgery and to reduce pain by limiting movement. They are typically applied with padding and fasteners and may be temporary or longer term. Splints differ from casts in that they do not encircle the limb completely and can be removed or adjusted to accommodate swelling and changing treatment needs.

Splints come in rigid and soft varieties. Rigid splints are often made from plaster of Paris, fiberglass, or thermoplastic materials and are molded to the body to hold joints in a functional position. Soft splints use fabric wraps, foam, or other padding and are used for mild injuries or for comfort. Custom splints may be fabricated by orthotists.

They are commonly used for fractures, sprains, tendon injuries, and after reductions or surgeries to protect injuries as they heal. They can be applied to the fingers, hand and wrist, forearm, elbow, knee, ankle, or other joints, and may be designed with hinges or straps to allow limited movement as healing progresses.

Care considerations include padding protection, monitoring for numbness, tingling, color change, or worsening pain, keeping the splint dry, and ensuring that straps are not overly tight. Patients should seek prompt medical attention for signs of impaired circulation, skin breakdown, or persistent discomfort. Follow-up evaluation may lead to a transition to a cast or removal of the splint.