splint

A splint is a medical device used to immobilize a limb or body part to promote healing after injury, reduce pain, and prevent further damage. Splints are often applied in emergency or field settings as temporary stabilization, especially when swelling is present, because they can accommodate changes in size and do not encircle the entire limb like a cast. They are commonly replaced later with a cast or brace once swelling subsides.

Types and materials vary. Rigid splints provide firm support and may be made from plaster of Paris, fiberglass, metal, wood, or molded plastic, usually with soft padding. They are shaped to fit specific anatomy, such as a short arm splint, sugar-tong splint for forearm injuries, posterior ankle or knee splints, and volar or dorsal hand splints. Soft or flexible splints use padding with fabric or foam. Inflatable air splints are available for quick field stabilization and adjustable compression. Many splints are pre-sized or adjustable to fit different patients.

Indications include suspected fractures or dislocations, severe sprains, tendon injuries, and immobilization after reduction or surgery. They are particularly useful when swelling would make a cast unsafe. Contraindications are uncommon but include situations where immobilization could worsen neurovascular compromise or when there is an open wound needing urgent care beyond immobilization. Clinicians monitor neurovascular status before and after splinting and reassess as swelling changes.

Application and care involve selecting an appropriate size, padding bony prominences, aligning the limb when possible, and securing the splint to immobilize the joints above and below the injury. Neurovascular checks, elevation, and precautions to keep the area dry are important. A definitive treatment plan should follow, such as referral for casting, bracing, or surgical evaluation as indicated.