ultramarathons

An ultramarathon is any running event longer than the marathon distance of 42.195 kilometers (26.219 miles). Distances commonly encountered include 50 kilometers, 50 miles, 100 kilometers, and 100 miles, though ultras can last from several hours to several days. Races are held on trails, roads, or mixed-terrain courses and may be completed in a single day or as multi-day stage events.

Ultras have roots in early long-distance racing and expanded with the rise of modern trail running. Notable events include the Western States Endurance Run (100 miles in California), Spartathlon (246 kilometers from Athens to Sparta), the Marathon des Sables (a multi-day desert race), and the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc, among others.

Race formats vary widely. Some ultras are self-supported with minimal aid; others provide frequent aid stations, gear drops, and crew support. Courses can be highly technical and involve significant elevation. Participants must manage nutrition, sleep deprivation, pacing, and weather, while adhering to course cutoffs and safety rules.

Training centers on building endurance and resilience. Programs often include high weekly mileage, long back-to-back runs, race-specific nutrition practice, and equipment testing. Mental preparation, injury prevention, and contingency planning for heat, cold, or storms are important components of preparation.