brocades

Brocades are a class of richly decorative fabrics in which patterns are woven into the fabric rather than printed or embroidered. The raised motifs are typically created by extra weft or by using differently colored or metallic threads that lie on the surface of the fabric. Common elements include metallic threads made of gold or silver, along with silk, though brocade can also be produced from wool, cotton, or synthetic fibers.

Patterns can be ornate and often include florals, scrolls, or geometric motifs. The weaving method may involve supplementary weft techniques, or the use of jacquard looms to produce complex repeats. Brocade fabrics are usually dense and have a pronounced texture, and the setting is often non-reversible, with a distinct face and back. The term is sometimes used loosely to describe any fabric with a raised decorative weave, but true brocade refers to fabrics whose pattern is the result of the weaving process itself.

Historically, brocade originated in Asia and later spread to Europe, where it became associated with luxury and ceremonial dress. It played a prominent role in medieval and Renaissance textiles, especially for ecclesiastical vestments, royal robes, and upholstery in wealthy homes. Regions known for brocade production include parts of China, Persia, and later European centers; technological innovations such as loom-based jacquard and metallic wool enabled more elaborate designs.

Today, brocade remains a luxury fabric used in evening wear, bridal gowns, and interior decoration, including drapery and upholstery. Modern brocade can be produced from silk or synthetic fibers and may use metallic threads or metallic-look yarns. Care typically involves dry cleaning or gentle washing, as the metallic elements and heavy weave can be sensitive to abrasion.