brocade

Brocade is a class of richly decorative fabrics characterized by patterns formed on the surface through weaving, typically using supplementary weft threads or metallic yarns such as gold or silver. The designs are often elaborate, featuring floral, geometric, or figural motifs, and the decorative threads create a raised or distinct surface against a contrasting ground. The back of a brocade may show a different degree of pattern visibility, as the design is produced by the arrangement of the weft and warp threads on the loom.

The term brocade derives from Old French brocart and Italian broccato, with roots in the broader traditions of Silk Road weaving. Originating in Asia and the Near East, brocade production spread through Byzantium, Persia, and later Europe. By the medieval and early modern periods, brocade was highly prized for ceremonial garments, ecclesiastical vestments, and luxurious furnishings, and European workshops developed many heavy, metallic-stitched varieties for court use.

Techniques and varieties: true brocade is created by adding supplementary weft or by intricate Jacquard weaving to form the pattern within the fabric structure. In both cases the ground fabric is typically satin or twill, enabling the decorative design to stand out. Modern brocades range in weight and finish, and advances in loom technology have expanded patterns and metallic thread applications.

Uses and significance: widely associated with luxury and status, brocade remains common in haute couture, bridal attire, religious textiles, upholstery, and draperies. It is valued for its luster and texture, though the metallic elements can affect durability and care.