babirusa

The babirusa is a genus of piglike mammals in the family Suidae, native to Indonesia. The genus Babyrousa includes several island populations, commonly recognized as the common babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa), the Celebes babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis), and Wallace’s babirusa (Babyrousa wallacii). These animals inhabit forested areas on Sulawesi and nearby islands, where they roam the undergrowth and forest floor in search of food and shelter.

Babirusas are medium-sized, with coarse fur that ranges in color from gray to dark brown. They are most distinctive for their long, upward-curving tusks, which emerge from the upper jaws and can bend toward the skull. In males, the tusks are longer and often play a role in displays and combat, while females have shorter tusks. The overall body shape is robust, with strong legs suited to foraging on uneven terrain.

Ecology and behavior typical of babirusas include a mainly terrestrial, forest-dwelling lifestyle. They are omnivorous, feeding on fruits, seeds, tubers, and small invertebrates, and may occasionally raid crops. Social structure tends to involve females with offspring in small groups, with males more solitary except during the breeding season. Reproduction occurs year-round in many populations; gestation lasts about 120 to 130 days, with usually one or two piglets per litter.

Conservation status varies by population and taxon, but all face threats from habitat loss due to deforestation, conversion of land, and hunting. Protected areas and wildlife reserves help, but ongoing habitat destruction and human activity continue to impact some babirusa populations.