tusks

Tusks are elongated, continuously growing teeth that project beyond the mouth. They occur in several mammals, most notably elephants, walruses, narwhals, and some pig species. Tusks function as tools for foraging and manipulation of the environment, and also as weapons or displays in social and mating contexts.

In elephants, tusks are enlarged incisors. In African elephants both sexes typically have tusks; in Asian elephants tusks occur mainly in males, with many females tuskless. Tusks grow throughout life and are composed of dentin with enamel ridges; wear and breakage are common.

Walruses have long tusks formed from enlarged upper canines. They use them to defend themselves, to establish social dominance, and to haul their bodies out of water onto ice.

Narwhals possess a single tusk, an elongated upper canine, usually in males. The tusk can reach several meters and is involved in mating displays and social interactions; its precise sensory function remains debated.

Other species with tusks include warthogs, boars, and hippos, where tusks are modified canines used for digging, threats, and combat.

Conservation: Elephant populations have declined due to poaching for ivory and habitat loss. Many countries regulate ivory trade; elephants are protected under CITES and national laws. Reducing demand is essential to protect tusked species.