Varanus

Varanus is a genus of lizards in the family Varanidae, commonly known as monitor lizards. The genus includes more than 60 species, distributed across Africa, Asia, and Oceania, with the greatest diversity in Australia and Southeast Asia. They range from small, slender forms only a few tens of centimeters long to the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), which can exceed three meters.

Monitors are typically characterized by elongated bodies, strong limbs, long tails, sharp claws, and a forked tongue used for chemoreception. They have keen eyesight and are often fast runners; many species are also adept climbers or swimmers. Their coloration and patterns are highly variable, often matching their habitat.

Ecology and behavior: Varanids are carnivorous and opportunistic predators. Diets include insects, reptiles, birds, mammals, eggs, and carrion. Some species are strongly aquatic and spend much time in or near water. Monitors employ a range of hunting strategies, from ambush to active pursuit, depending on the species and prey.

Reproduction: Most species lay eggs (oviparous). Eggs are deposited in burrows, underground chambers, or other cavities, and incubation periods vary with species and climate. Parental involvement is generally limited, though in a few species females may guard the nest for a time.

Conservation: Habitat loss, hunting for meat and skin, and collection for the pet trade threaten many Varanus species. Some are protected by national laws and international agreements, and others occur within protected areas.