komodoensis

Komodoensis, in the form of Varanus komodoensis, is the largest living lizard, commonly known as the Komodo dragon. It can reach lengths of up to about 3 meters (10 feet) and may weigh over 100 kilograms in some individuals. This species is native to a small group of Indonesian islands in the Lesser Sunda chain, including Komodo, Rinca, Padar, Gili Motang, and Flores. It inhabits dry tropical savanna and forest habitats and is capable of swimming between islands.

Ecology and biology: Komodo dragons are apex predators and scavengers that typically live solitary lives. They hunt by stealth, ambushing prey such as deer, wild pigs, and water buffalo, and can take down large animals through a combination of powerful bites and takedown strategies. They possess venom glands that secrete toxins contributing to immobilization and blood loss; the exact role of venom relative to bacterial infection in prey death has been the subject of ongoing research and discussion.

Reproduction: Breeding occurs during the dry season. Females lay clutches of eggs, often around 20 or more, in warm underground nests. Incubation lasts roughly seven to nine months. Hatchlings are about 30 cm long and face predation risks from adults and other predators. Sexual maturity is reached after several years.

Conservation: The Komodo dragon is listed as Endangered by the IUCN. It is protected within Komodo National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which helps preserve its habitat and populations. Threats include habitat loss, declines in prey, natural disasters, and human activities. Conservation measures include population monitoring, minimizing human-wildlife conflict, and responsible ecotourism management.