lizards

Lizards are a diverse group of squamate reptiles, comprising thousands of species in numerous families. They inhabit a wide range of habitats across most landmasses, from deserts and rainforests to grasslands and rocky outcrops. The group includes very small species just a few centimeters long as well as large monitor lizards and iguanas.

Most lizards have dry, scaly skin and are primarily carnivorous or insectivorous, though some are omnivorous or herbivorous. A common defense is tail autotomy, in which the tail detaches and continues to wriggle to distract predators. Some species display striking coloration or structures, such as dewlaps in many anoles and frills in certain iguanas; color can also change in response to temperature, mood, or signaling.

Reproduction and development vary: most lizards lay eggs, but several species retain eggs inside the body and give birth to live young. In many species, parental care is minimal or absent. Courtship often involves displays, body movements, and pursuit, with territorial and mating behaviors differing among lineages.

Evolution and diversity: Lizards belong to the suborder Lacertilia within the order Squamata and include families such as Geckonidae, Iguanidae, Agamidae, Lacertidae, Scincidae, and Varanidae. They first appeared in the Mesozoic era and subsequently diversified in response to climate and landmass changes. Geckos, monitors, chameleons, and skinks illustrate the broad ecological ranges lizards occupy.