iguanas

Iguanas are a group of lizards in the genus Iguana within the family Iguanidae. They are native to tropical regions of the Americas and the Caribbean, with diverse species ranging from forest dwellers to coastal and arid-adapted forms. The green iguana (Iguana iguana) is the most well-known species, and the Galápagos marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) is a notable member often associated with iguanas in popular writing.

Physical characteristics include a robust body, a long tail, and spiny dorsal scales that run along the back. Many species have a throat dewlap used in displays and communication. Coloration varies with species, age, and environment. Iguanas are generally diurnal and rely on basking to regulate body temperature.

Habitat and ecology vary by species. Tree-dwelling iguanas are common in tropical forests, while some coastal or island forms adapt to different habitats. Green iguanas are primarily herbivorous, feeding on leaves, fruit, and flowers, although juveniles may eat insects. Marine iguanas are unique among lizards for feeding on algae in the sea; they use salt glands to excrete excess salt.

Reproduction in iguanas is oviparous. Mating often occurs during the dry season, and females lay eggs in nests dug into warm soil. Clutch sizes can range widely, and incubation typically lasts several weeks to a few months, after which hatchlings are independent.

Conservation status varies by species, with threats including habitat loss, predation by invasive species, and the pet trade. Some iguanas are kept as pets, requiring proper care, heat, UV light, and a suitable diet.