Iguanidae

Iguanidae is a family of lizards in the infraorder Iguania, commonly known as iguanas. Members vary in size and habitat, and many possess features such as a dorsal crest or spines along the back, a dewlap under the throat, and a long tail. They are typically diurnal and range in diet from herbivory to omnivory.

Geographic distribution and genera: The family is primarily native to the Americas, from the southern United States to South America, with some lineages present in the Pacific Islands. Core genera include Iguana (the green iguana), Ctenosaura (spiny-tailed iguanas), Dipsosaurus (desert iguana), Sauromalus (chuckwallas), and Brachylophus (Fiji iguanas). The exact composition of Iguanidae has shifted with molecular studies, and some lineages once placed here are now assigned to other families.

Ecology and morphology: Iguanids occupy a broad range of habitats, from tropical forests to deserts and rocky outcrops. They are mainly terrestrial or arboreal; some species are excellent climbers. Diets vary; green iguanas are herbivorous as adults, while others consume fruits, flowers, seeds, and invertebrates. Reproduction is oviparous in most species, with clutch size and incubation period varying by species.

Conservation and notes: Habitat destruction, invasive predators, and collection for trade threaten several iguanid species. They are of ecological importance as herbivores and seed dispersers and are popular in the pet trade, which has further conservation implications for some species.