Iguanids

Iguanids are lizards belonging to the family Iguanidae, a part of the clade Iguania. The group includes a variety of genera and species, among them well-known forms such as the green iguana (Iguana iguana) and several spiny-tailed iguanas (genus Ctenosaura). They are diverse in size, appearance, and ecology, and are distributed across a range of habitats.

Anatomy and ecology: Iguanids typically have stout bodies, long tails, and well-developed limbs. Many species possess a dewlap, a flap of flesh under the throat, and a dorsal crest or spines along the back, used in display and defense. They generally have pleurodont teeth, with teeth fused to the inner jaw surface. Iguanids are primarily diurnal and occupy environments from tropical forests to deserts, with some species highly arboreal and others more terrestrial.

Diet and behavior: Most iguanids are herbivorous or omnivorous, feeding on leaves, flowers, fruit, and, in some cases, insects. They are usually active during the day and can be skilled climbers or runners depending on the species. Reproduction is typically oviparous, with females laying eggs in warm, well-drained nests; clutch size and incubation periods vary by species and environmental conditions.

Taxonomy and distribution: The classification of iguanids has evolved with molecular studies, leading to revisions in which certain genera formerly placed in Iguanidae are now assigned to other families within Iguania. Consequently, the exact composition of Iguanidae can differ among authorities.

Conservation: Several iguanid species face threats from habitat loss, hunting, and the pet trade. Status varies widely by species, with some populations secure and others declining, prompting protective measures in various regions.