Dipsosaurus

Dipsosaurus is a genus of lizards in the family Iguanidae native to arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The genus is represented by the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, the most widely recognized species, which has several described subspecies across its range.

Dipsosaurus dorsalis is a medium-sized lizard, typically measuring 25–40 cm in total length, with a stout body and a long tail. Its dorsal coloration ranges from pale gray to tan, often with darker markings. The skin is relatively loose and the scales are small. It is well adapted to desert life and often basks on rocks or open ground, retreating to shade or burrows during the hottest periods.

The species inhabits deserts and arid shrublands with sandy or rocky substrates, washes, and dune areas. It is primarily herbivorous, feeding on leaves, flowers, and fruit, with occasional consumption of insects. Water is usually obtained from food or dew.

Dipsosaurus dorsalis is diurnal and relatively slow-moving on the ground, using burrows or shaded crevices for thermoregulation. Reproduction is oviparous, with females laying eggs in sandy nests during warmer months. Clutch sizes typically range from about 12 to 24 eggs, depending on resources and locality. Eggs incubate for several weeks to a couple of months, influenced by temperature.

Taxonomy and conservation: The genus is placed in Iguanidae or, in some classifications, Phrynosomatidae. The desert iguana is not generally considered endangered, and IUCN lists it as Least Concern, although local threats such as habitat alteration and climate change can affect populations in restricted areas.