Tortricinae

Tortricinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Tortricidae, order Lepidoptera. Together with Olethreutinae, it forms the two major lineages of Tortricidae. Members are commonly referred to as tortricid moths or leafroller moths, a name that reflects the larval habit of many species to roll or tie leaves with silk to create protective shelters. The subfamily contains a large number of genera and species with a near worldwide distribution, especially in temperate and tropical regions.

Morphology and behavior: Adults typically have forewings that are mottled in shades of brown, gray, or ochre, often with subtle banding or speckling, and hindwings that are generally lighter. Resting posture involves holding the wings roof-like over the body, giving the familiar tortricid silhouette. The larvae are mostly herbivorous, feeding on a wide range of plant tissues. Many species roll or fold leaves and secure them with silk; others bore into stems, fruits, or seeds. The life cycle is complete, with egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages.

Distribution and ecology: Tortricinae are found worldwide, with the greatest diversity in temperate and tropical zones. They occupy diverse habitats, from forests and woodlands to agricultural and urban environments, where their larvae interact with a broad array of host plants.

Economic importance: Several tortricines are significant agricultural and forestry pests due to their larval feeding on crops, fruit trees, and ornamental plants. Management commonly employs monitoring, biological control, and integrated pest management strategies to mitigate damage.