Toco

Toco, or toco toucan (Ramphastos toco), is the largest species of toucan, native to eastern and central South America. It is also commonly called the giant toucan.

Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern and eastern Argentina. It inhabits a variety of landscapes, including open woodlands, savannas, forest edges, and riverine habitats. It is adaptable to modified environments and is often found near water.

Description

Tocos are large, typically 55–65 cm in length, with a predominantly black body and a white throat and chest. Their beak is long and multicolored, usually orange-yellow with a black tip and a greenish base, and can exceed 18 cm in length. Juveniles have duller coloration, and sexes are similar in appearance.

Ecology and behavior

They are omnivorous, feeding on fruit, berries, insects, small vertebrates, and occasionally eggs or nestlings of other birds. They forage mainly in the canopy and midstory and are often seen in small groups or pairs. Vocalizations include croaks and whistles.

Reproduction

Tocos nest in tree cavities. Clutch size is typically 2–4 eggs. Both parents participate in incubation and feeding of the young; chicks fledge after several weeks.

Conservation

The IUCN Red List classifies the toco as Least Concern due to its broad distribution and relatively large population. While the species overall is stable, local declines can occur due to habitat loss and fragmentation. The toco is present in protected areas and is common in captivity and in zoos under appropriate regulations.

In culture and aviculture

The toco toucan is a recognizable emblem of South American wildlife and is frequently displayed in zoos and wildlife media. It is commonly depicted in art and educational materials about tropical ecosystems.