aviculture

Aviculture is the practice of keeping and breeding birds by humans. It covers pet birds, ornamental species, poultry, and game birds, and ranges from household companions and aviary breeders to commercial production and conservation programs. Core concerns include husbandry, nutrition, housing, enrichment, reproduction, and welfare.

Historically, domestication and selective breeding gave rise to many species kept today, such as chickens, ducks, pigeons, canaries, and parrots. Modern aviculture spans hobbyist keeping, professional breeding, and research, with increasing emphasis on ethical standards, biosecurity, and genetic management.

Husbandry practices vary by species but commonly include appropriate housing (cages or aviaries), perches, ventilation, lighting, and nest sites for breeders. Diets may combine seeds, pellets, fruits, vegetables, and clean water tailored to nutritional needs. Enrichment, social housing, and regular health checks support welfare. Breeding may involve controlled pairings, incubation, and hand-rearing where necessary.

Ethical considerations address animal welfare, disease prevention, and legal compliance. Aviculture can contribute to conservation through captive breeding, ex-situ programs, and careful management of genetic diversity to reduce inbreeding and prevent exploitation of wild populations.

Overall, aviculture is a diverse field that intersects hobby, agriculture, and conservation, with ongoing discussions about welfare, sustainability, and the balance between keeping birds in captivity and protecting wild populations.