parrots

Parrots, or psittacines, are birds in the order Psittaciformes. The group comprises more than 350 species, including the true parrots (family Psittacidae), macaws, parakeets, cockatiels, and cockatoos (family Cacatuidae). They are found in warm regions of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australasia, from tropical forests to savannas and deserts, with some species adapted to urban environments.

Parrots are characterized by a stout, curved beak, strong bite, and zygodactyl feet (two toes facing forward and two backward) that aid grasping branches and manipulating objects. Many species are brightly colored, though coloration varies by lineage and habitat. They have complex vocalizations and are among the most vocal birds; several species can mimic human speech.

In the wild, parrots typically feed on seeds, fruits, nuts, buds, and flowers, with some insect matter. They are social, often forming strong pair bonds or flocking in groups. Reproduction usually involves cavity-nesting, with female laying several eggs and both parents participating in incubation and care. Lifespans vary by species, with larger macaws and cockatoos living several decades in captivity.

Conservation status ranges from least concern to endangered. Major threats include habitat loss, fragmentation, and capture for the pet trade. International protections under CITES and national laws aim to curb overexploitation, while habitat restoration and captive-breeding programs support populations.