Psittacidae

Psittacidae is a diverse family of birds within the order Psittaciformes, consisting of many species commonly referred to as true parrots and macaws. Along with the subfamilies Arinae (New World parrots) and Psittacinae (Old World parrots), Psittacidae is distributed across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with the greatest diversity in the Americas, Africa, and Australasia.

Taxonomy and diversity: The family includes several hundred species across numerous genera such as Amazona, Ara, Forpus, Melopsittacus, Psittacus, Pyrrhura, and Brotogeris. They range from small conures to large macaws, and many exhibit bright plumage and distinctive vocalizations.

Description: Members share a strong curved bill, a large head, and zygodactyl feet (two toes facing forward and two backward). Plumage is highly variable, often vibrant. Size ranges from about 8 to over 100 centimeters for the largest macaws.

Ecology and behavior: Psittacids typically feed on seeds, fruits, nuts, buds, and nectar; some species take insects. They are often highly social, forming monogamous pair bonds and traveling in flocks. Vocal communication is prominent, and many species imitate sounds. Most species nest in tree cavities, with both parents caring for the young.

Conservation and status: Many psittacids face threats from habitat loss, fragmentation, and capture for the pet trade. International trade is regulated under CITES. Several species are listed as threatened or endangered, prompting conservation and captive-breeding programs.