cockatoos

Cockatoos are a group of parrots native to Australasia, comprising about 21 species in several genera, including Cacatua, Probosciger, and Eolophus. They are notable for their crested heads, which they raise or fan in response to excitement, and for often colorful plumage and prominent facial patches. Most cockatoos are medium to large in size compared with other parrots.

Range and habitat: They occur in Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands of Indonesia, occupying woodlands, forests, scrublands, and urban areas. Some species undertake long-distance movements in search of food; others remain more resident.

Diet: In the wild, cockatoos eat seeds, nuts, fruit, blossoms, and buds, sometimes including insects or larvae. They use strong beaks to crack hard shells and to excavate nesting holes in trees. They often feed in flocks and may visit crops, which can bring them into conflict with humans.

Behavior and reproduction: Cockatoos are highly social and intelligent. They form lifelong pair bonds and nest in tree hollows, where the female lays eggs and both parents care for young. They are known for loud vocalizations, tactile social displays, and play behaviors. Development from egg to fledgling requires several weeks, and juveniles remain dependent on adults for an extended period.

Conservation: Habitat loss, introduced predators, and collection for the pet trade have reduced populations of several species. Some are listed as threatened or endangered by national and international authorities, while others remain relatively common. Conservation measures include habitat protection and regulation of trade.

In captivity: Cockatoos are kept as pets in many regions but require considerable care, enrichment, and social interaction. They have long lifespans and can be challenging companions if not provided with mental stimulation and space.