facial

Facial is an adjective meaning of or relating to the face. In common usage it refers to a cosmetic treatment performed on the face to improve skin appearance and health. The term also appears in anatomical and medical contexts, such as facial muscles, the facial nerve, and facial structures.

A facial treatment, or facial, is typically performed by licensed estheticians or dermatology professionals in spas, clinics, or medical settings. A standard facial usually includes cleansing, exfoliation, toning, and moisturization, with optional steps such as extractions, facial massage, and the application of a mask. Some facials incorporate chemical exfoliants (for example alpha- or beta-hydroxy acids) or device-assisted techniques. These procedures are cosmetic and not a substitute for medical treatment; individuals with active skin infections, dermatitis, or certain medications should consult a clinician prior to receiving a facial.

Facials can be tailored to different skin types and concerns, including hydration, acne, sensitivity, aging, and pigmentation. There are express facials that last 15 to 30 minutes and more comprehensive treatments that occupy an hour or longer. Effects are typically cosmetic and temporary, with longer-term results dependent on regular skincare and sun protection.

Anatomically, the term facial is used to describe structures and functions related to the face. It appears in phrases such as facial nerves and facial muscles, which facilitate expression and movement. The word also appears in non-clinical contexts to describe facial features and expressions.