Cacatuidae

Cacatuidae is a family of birds in the order Psittaciformes, commonly known as cockatoos. Native to Australasia, members range across Australia, New Guinea, the Aru Islands, and parts of Indonesia, with some species also occurring on nearby islands. They are characterized by an erectile crest on the crown, a robust curved bill, and zygodactyl feet. Plumage varies from white and gray to black and warmly colored.

Taxonomy and genera: The family comprises three extant genera: Cacatua, Calyptorhynchus, and Probosciger. Cacatua includes the white and pink cockatoos with prominent crests; Calyptorhynchus comprises the black cockatoos with distinctive yellow or red cheek patches; Probosciger is monotypic, containing the palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus).

Ecology and behavior: Cockatoos are often social, forming flocks that forage in trees or on the ground. They eat seeds, fruits, nuts and insects. They are known for intelligent problem-solving and complex vocalizations; the palm cockatoo is notable for drumming on objects during courtship. Nesting occurs in tree hollows; both parents feed the chicks.

Conservation and human use: Many cockatoo species are affected by habitat loss and the pet trade. Some are listed as Near Threatened or Vulnerable by the IUCN. In many regions they are protected by law and international trade is regulated by CITES; captive breeding is common, though keeping large, intelligent birds requires specialized care.