Tejhozam

Tejhozam is a term used in dairy science to describe the amount of milk produced by an individual animal or a group of animals over a specified period. It is commonly expressed as daily milk yield (liters per day) or as lactation yield, with the 305-day yield being a standard reference for a cow’s first lactation. In practice, milk recording programs collect test-day measurements to estimate overall lactation performance and compare animals or herds.

Measurement and interpretation

Milk yield is influenced by the animal’s stage of lactation, health, and nutrition. Peak yield occurs several weeks after calving, followed by a gradual decline. The 305-day yield is a conventional benchmark used in breeding and management decisions, but producers may also monitor shorter or longer intervals depending on goals. Test-day records, udder health indicators such as somatic cell count, and production efficiency are often analyzed together to assess overall performance.

Genetic and management factors

Tejhozam is affected by breed and individual genetics, with dairy breeds generally achieving higher yields than meat breeds. Management practices, including ration formulation, feeding consistency, milking frequency, comfort, and disease prevention, significantly impact milk production. Energy balance, body condition, and reproductive status also play critical roles.

Applications

In breeding, estimated breeding values for milk yield guide selection and crossbreeding strategies. Economically, milk yield informs decisions on nutrition, housing, milking equipment, and herd replacement. While higher te jozam can improve profitability, it must be balanced with udder health, fertility, and longevity to ensure overall productivity. Tejhozam measurements are used across cattle, and to a lesser extent in goats and sheep, to optimize dairy production.