sheep

Sheep are domesticated ruminant mammals in the genus Ovis, species Ovis aries. They are kept for wool, meat, and milk in some regions. Wild sheep exist in several species, with mouflon regarded as an ancestral lineage. Domestic flocks are found worldwide, adapted to climates from temperate grasslands to arid steppes.

Physically, sheep vary in size and coat. They shed or grow wool continuously and require regular shearing. Coat types include fine-, medium-, and long-wool; some breeds have hair instead of wool. Horned rams occur in many breeds, while ewes may be hornless. Sheep are ruminants with four stomach compartments, and chew cud while drinking water regularly.

Behaviorally, they are highly gregarious and tend to form cohesive flocks. Most breeds are seasonal breeders, with mating in fall and lambing in spring. Gestation is about 147 days; twins and occasionally triplets are common. Weaning occurs several weeks to months after birth, depending on management.

Uses and management: wool is a major product for many breeds; others are raised for meat (lamb or mutton) or milk. Wool quality depends on fiber diameter and length. Management includes nutrition, parasite control, vaccinations, and humane handling to reduce stress and welfare concerns.

Domestication occurred in the Near East during early agricultural history, with spread to Europe, Asia, and Africa. Today major producers include China, Australia, India, the United States, and many other countries. Sheep remain a globally important livestock species with economic and cultural significance.