drinking

Drinking refers to the act of consuming liquids to maintain hydration, obtain nutrients, or enjoy flavor. Humans drink a variety of beverages, including water, milk, juice, tea, coffee, and alcoholic drinks.

Water is essential for physiological processes and is typically consumed in varied amounts depending on age, sex, activity, climate, and health status. Most adults are advised to increase total fluid intake during exercise or hot weather; daily needs are commonly estimated at about 2 to 3 liters for adults, with some persons requiring more or less. Fluid needs include both beverages and water contained in food.

Alcohol consumption is a separate category of drinking that involves beverages containing ethanol. It is regulated in many jurisdictions and accepts moderation by some populations; however, excessive or habitual intake is associated with health risks, including liver disease, cardiovascular problems, withdrawal, and increased accident risk. Pregnant persons are generally advised to abstain or limit intake. Non-alcoholic beverages cover a broad range and may contribute to hydration; caffeine-containing drinks like coffee and tea have mild diuretic effects but still contribute to daily hydration for many people.

Safe drinking water requires clean sources, proper treatment, and storage to prevent contamination. Drinking-water guidelines emphasize sanitation, handling, and monitoring. In many cultures, drinking is integrated with meals, rituals, social activity, and hospitality. Accessibility, cost, and policy influence beverage choices and hydration behavior.