Shrews

Shrews are small, insectivorous mammals in the family Soricidae, within the order Eulipotyphla. They occur across much of the world, especially in temperate regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, inhabiting forests, grasslands, wetlands, and even urban areas. They are not rodents; shrews have long, pointed snouts, tiny eyes and ears, and a slender body with a short tail.

Physically, shrews are among the smallest mammals. Many species weigh only a few grams and measure just a few centimeters in body length. Fur coloration varies by species, and in some, the iron in the enamel of the incisors gives a reddish appearance; others have pale or white teeth. Shrews have extremely high metabolic rates and must eat almost constantly to maintain body temperature, making them among the most active and voracious small mammals.

Diet and behavior: Shrews feed mainly on insects, spiders, worms, and other invertebrates, but some species take small vertebrates or plant material opportunistically. They hunt by scent, vibration, and rapid movement and are often active both day and night. A notable trait is that several species produce venom in their saliva, used to immobilize prey; this venom is generally not harmful to humans in typical contacts.

Reproduction and life cycle: Shrews breed at various times depending on climate, producing multiple litters each year in favorable conditions. Litters usually contain several young, which are born blind and helpless and mature rapidly.

Ecology and conservation: Shrews play a key role in controlling insect populations and serve as prey for larger predators. They occupy diverse habitats but face threats from habitat loss, pollution, and introduced predators. Conservation status varies widely among species, with some being common and others rare or endangered.