mature

Mature is an adjective and noun used to describe something that is fully developed, advanced, or ready for a particular state or use. In humans, maturity encompasses physical development, cognitive or emotional growth, and social responsibility. Physical maturity refers to the attainment of adult body form and reproductive capability, while psychological maturity involves emotional regulation, judgment, empathy, and the ability to accept consequences. Cultural and situational factors shape expectations of what constitutes maturity, including independence, reliability, and interpersonal skills.

In biology and agriculture, maturity marks readiness for the next life stage or for reproduction. For plants and fruits, ripeness is a form of maturity; for animals, maturity indicates reproductive capability. In food and beverage industries, maturation can describe aging processes that develop flavor, texture, or aroma, such as cheese, wine, or spirits.

Age is a common, but imperfect, proxy for maturity. Legal definitions of adulthood vary by jurisdiction, often setting the age of majority at 18 or 21, but maturity does not always align with calendar age. Some individuals mature early, others late; life experience, education, and environment influence the trajectory of maturity.

Etymology: mature derives from Latin maturus, via Old French mature, with meanings related to ripening, full growth, and readiness. Related terms include maturity (the noun form), maturation (the process of becoming mature), and the antonyms immature or childish.