Perustaidon

Perustaidon, or basic first aid, refers to the essential knowledge and practical skills that enable a layperson to provide immediate help in an emergency before professional medical care arrives. It focuses on actions that can stabilize a person, prevent deterioration, and improve outcomes while awaiting more advanced treatment.

Key elements typically include ensuring scene safety, assessing consciousness, checking breathing, calling emergency services, and summoning appropriate help. Hands-on skills commonly covered are performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), including chest compressions and rescue breaths where appropriate, and using an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available. Additional skills include controlling bleeding, treating for shock, immobilizing suspected fractures or spinal injuries, and providing wound care, burn care, and poisoning management as needed. Emphasis is placed on recognizing life-threatening conditions such as cardiac arrest, severe allergic reactions, and strokes.

Training is offered by national health authorities, hospitals, and charitable organizations, with courses often provided by organizations such as the Finnish Red Cross and similar bodies. Curricula generally follow international guidelines from organizations like the European Resuscitation Council or ILCOR. Courses usually combine theory with hands-on practice and culminate in a certification that may require renewal every few years.

In Finland and many other countries, basic first aid knowledge is encouraged in schools, workplaces, and public spaces because timely bystander care can significantly affect survival and recovery. Even basic, remembered steps can make a difference, and individuals should seek updated training to maintain readiness.