CPR

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is an emergency procedure used when a person’s heart has stopped beating or is not effectively pumping blood. The technique combines chest compressions to maintain circulation with rescue breaths to provide oxygen to the lungs and brain. By sustaining blood flow and oxygen delivery, CPR helps preserve organ function until more advanced care can restore a normal heartbeat.

CPR is indicated for adults, children, and infants who are unresponsive and not breathing normally. The actions begin with ensuring the scene is safe, checking responsiveness, and calling for emergency help. If an automated external defibrillator (AED) is available, turn it on and follow the prompts while beginning CPR. For a single rescuer, the standard sequence is chest compressions followed by breaths, typically 30 compressions and 2 breaths, performed at a rate of about 100 to 120 compressions per minute with the chest allowed to fully recoil between compressions. For two rescuers, the ratio may be 15:2. If you are untrained or uncomfortable with rescue breaths, hands-only CPR (continuous chest compressions) is still beneficial.

Defibrillation with an AED is a critical component of CPR when a shockable rhythm is detected. Use the device as soon as it is available and follow its audio or visual instructions. CPR guidelines emphasize minimizing interruptions, providing high-quality compressions, and continuing until the person shows signs of recovery or professional responders take over.