burn

Burn refers to tissue damage resulting from exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation. The most common form is a thermal burn caused by flames, scalding liquids, or hot surfaces. Burns are classified by depth: first-degree (superficial, affecting only the outer skin), second-degree (partial-thickness, involving the epidermis and part of the dermis, often with blistering), and third-degree (full-thickness, damaging all skin layers and underlying tissues). Some classifications include fourth-degree burns that extend into muscle or bone.

Burns can result from heat (thermal), chemicals, electricity, or radiation. Common symptoms include pain, redness, swelling, and blistering. Depth and extent determine severity and treatment. Minor burns covering small areas or only the outer skin may be treated at home; larger burns or those on the face, hands, feet, genitals, joints, or circumferential burns require medical attention.

First aid includes cooling with cool running water for 10-20 minutes, removing restrictive items, not applying ice or grease, and covering with a sterile nonstick dressing. For chemical burns, flush with water for at least 20 minutes and remove contaminated clothing. Seek emergency care for signs of inhalation injury, shock, or if the burn is large, deep, or electrical.

Medical treatment may involve wound cleaning, dressings, pain management, tetanus assessment, and, for extensive burns, surgery or grafting. Potential complications include infection, dehydration, scarring, contractures, and disabilities if joints are involved. Prevention emphasizes fire safety, smoke alarms, protective gear, and sun protection.

The term Burn also appears in other contexts, including titles of films, songs, or artworks, and as a surname or place name.