Onagers

The onager, or Asiatic wild ass, refers to several populations of wild donkeys in the genus Equus. In many classifications they are treated as Equus hemionus, with multiple subspecies and regional forms. They are native to arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East and Asia, ranging from deserts in Iran and Turkmenistan to the steppes of Central Asia. Populations are largely nomadic, moving seasonally in search of forage and water.

Onagers are medium-sized horses with a compact build. They typically stand about 1.1 to 1.4 meters at the shoulder and weigh roughly 180 to 300 kilograms. Their coats range from sandy to gray-brown, often with a dark dorsal stripe, a short erect mane, and a relatively stiff tail. They are built for endurance and speed in open, harsh environments.

Ecology and behavior: Onagers graze on grasses and browse on shrubs and herbs. They can survive with limited water, obtaining much of their moisture from food and sparse drinking opportunities. Socially, males may form bachelor groups or lead harems of several mares and their foals; herds are fluid, and seasonal migrations are common. Reproduction varies by population, but many have year-round or seasonal breeding, with a gestation of about 11 to 12 months. Foals are usually able to stand within minutes of birth and are weaned after approximately 6 to 9 months.

Conservation: The onager is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, with some subspecies at greater risk. Primary threats include hunting, habitat loss, scarcity of water, competition with domestic livestock, and fragmentation of range. Conservation measures include protected reserves, anti-poaching efforts, and habitat restoration and management.