donkeys

Donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) are domesticated members of the horse family (Equidae). They are descended from the African wild ass (Equus africanus) and are distinct from ponies and mules by size and physiology. Donkeys are generally smaller than horses, with compact bodies, large ears, and thick manes. They are herbivores adapted to arid and semi-arid environments, able to subsist on sparse forage and brush.

They are widely used as working animals: pack animals, draft animals, and for riding or transport in many regions, particularly where terrain is difficult or fuel is scarce. Donkeys are known for endurance, sure-footedness, and thrift; they often require less water and food than horses and can be more long-lived in harsh conditions. They are social animals and typically kept in herds; can form strong bonds with humans and other animals. They bray vocally.

Reproduction and growth: Mating can occur year-round in favorable climates; gestation about 11-1/2 months (around 12 months); single foal is typical; foal grows to mature size within a year or two. Lifespan commonly 25-30 years, with some living beyond 40.

Hybrids: crossbreeding with horses produces mules (offspring of a male donkey and a female horse); cross with a male horse yields a hinny (offspring of a male horse and a female donkey). Mules and hinnies are usually sterile, though rare exceptions exist.

Conservation and status: The domestic donkey is widespread and not generally considered threatened, but the wild African wild ass (the ancestor) is endangered due to habitat loss, hunting, and hybridization with domestic donkeys. Donkeys face welfare concerns in some regions due to neglect or improper handling. They remain important in some rural economies and cultures.

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