mules

A mule is the hybrid offspring of a male donkey (jack) and a female horse (mare). The reverse cross, between a stallion and a jenny, is called a hinny. Mules inherit traits from both parents, often combining the donkey’s endurance and sure-footedness with the horse’s size and speed.

Most mules stand about 14 to 16 hands high, though some can be taller. They have the long ears of donkeys, a sturdy, compact build, and are known for resilience and hardiness. Their coats come in a variety of colors, reflecting the horse parent’s influence. Mules are often prized for their ability to work in rough terrain and extreme conditions.

Genetically, mules have 63 chromosomes (donkey 62, horse 64), which disrupts meiosis and makes most mules infertile. Fertility is rare and not dependable, and breeding a mule is generally not practiced. This sterility is a common reason why mules do not reproduce reliably in the wild or on farms.

Behaviorally, mules are intelligent and cautious, sometimes described as stubborn. They typically require patient, consistent training and gentle handling. They are usually more independent than horses yet highly trainable, with a strong work ethic and notable endurance. Their temperament can vary with individual experience and training.

Historically, mules have served as work animals for centuries in deserts and mountains across Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. They are valued for their ability to carry heavy loads, travel long distances, and function in challenging environments, making them a staple in agriculture, mining, forestry, and tourism.