donkey

Donkey, or ass, is a domesticated member of the horse family, Equidae. Domestic donkeys are classified as Equus asinus or Equus africanus asinus, reflecting descent from the African wild ass. They have been kept as working animals for thousands of years and remain common in many regions.

Donkeys are smaller than horses, with a sturdy body, long ears, and a short mane. They commonly have gray or brown coats, though colors vary. They are known for sure-footedness and thick, tough hooves, well suited to rocky terrain. They communicate with brays and other sounds.

They are herbivores that mainly eat grasses, hay, and rough forage. They can convert low-quality forage efficiently and may survive on limited water. Donkeys are social animals that live in groups and form bonds; they are intelligent, sometimes perceived as stubborn but trainable.

Breeding age is typically around 2 years; gestation lasts about 11 to 14 months, with a foal born later. Lifespan is commonly 25–30 years, though longer-lived individuals occur with good care.

Uses include pack work, draft power, and transportation in many regions, especially where terrain or water is scarce. Crossbreeds with horses produce mules (female donkey × male horse) or hinnies (male donkey × female horse). Domestic donkeys originate from the African wild ass; some wild subspecies remain endangered, underscoring conservation needs.