Foals

Foals are young horses from birth up to one year of age. The term applies to both sexes; a male foal is called a colt and a female foal a filly. After the first year they are usually referred to as yearlings and then simply as horses. Foals are dependent on their dam for nutrition and immunity in the early weeks.

Immediately after birth, the mare provides colostrum, a nutrient-rich first milk containing antibodies. A healthy foal typically stands within an hour, begins to nurse within a few hours, and thrives on the mare’s milk for several months. Weaning generally occurs between four and six months, depending on management and breed.

Growth and development are rapid. Foal skeletons grow quickly, but their bones are still developing and joints are vulnerable to injury; supervision and appropriate exercise are important. Solid feed is gradually introduced while the foal remains with the dam or transitions to a separate ration. Early handling and gentle training are common parts of management.

Over the first year, foals form social bonds, learn basic behaviors, and may begin light training. Veterinary care includes vaccination, deworming, dental checks, and routine health monitoring. Proper shelter, clean water, and safe, stimulating environments support healthy development. Understanding breed-specific needs helps tailor nutrition, exercise, and care decisions.