onager

The onager (Equus onager) is a species of wild donkey native to arid regions of the Middle East and Asia. It belongs to the genus Equus in the family Equidae. The animal inhabits deserts, semi-deserts, steppes, and other open dry habitats with scarce water. Its range includes Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, and western India, with historical reports in neighboring areas. The onager is classified as Endangered due to habitat loss, hunting, and fragmentation of populations. Protected areas and reintroduction programs have helped stabilize some groups.

The onager is a medium- to large-sized wild equid. It has a short, stiff mane and a coarse dun to gray-brown coat, often with a dark dorsal stripe running along the back. The legs may show faint darker markings. Both sexes have strong hindquarters and a robust body adapted for fast, open-terrain locomotion.

Socially, onagers typically form small harems consisting of a dominant stallion and several mares with their foals, while bachelor groups are common among non-breeding males. They are primarily diurnal or crepuscular, feeding on grasses, herbs, leaves, and shrubs. They can survive on sparse forage and obtain moisture from their diet. Breeding often follows rainfall, with a gestation of about 11 to 12 months and usually a single foal.

Conservation and taxonomy: The onager is listed as Endangered by the IUCN. Major threats include habitat degradation, hunting, and competition with livestock. Several subspecies have been proposed, such as E. onager onager and E. onager indicus, though taxonomic opinions vary. The name onager is derived from ancient languages meaning wild ass.