Lontra

Lontra is a genus of semiaquatic mustelid mammals in the subfamily Lutrinae, commonly referred to as river otters. The genus comprises several living species native to the Americas, occupying freshwater rivers, lakes, wetlands, and, in some cases, coastal environments from temperate to tropical regions. Lontra was split from the larger Lutra lineage based on morphological and genetic evidence, reflecting distinct evolutionary histories of the New World otters.

Members of Lontra share typical otter characteristics: elongated bodies, short legs, webbed feet, and a thick, water-repellent fur coat with a dense underfur. The tail is strong and aids propulsion. They are carnivorous, with diets focused on fish but including crustaceans, amphibians, and occasionally small aquatic and terrestrial prey. They are highly adapted to aquatic life, with sensitive whiskers and powerful forelimbs used for catching prey and foraging underwater.

Behaviorally, Lontra species are mostly solitary or found in small family groups. They patrol territories along watercourses and are generally vocal, using a range of whistles, chirps, and growls. Reproduction varies by species and region, with mating and birthing seasons influenced by climate and prey availability. Females give birth to litters of young after a gestation period, with pups dependent for several weeks to months.

Conservation status varies by species. Habitat loss, water pollution, and depletion of fish stocks threaten several Lontra populations. Many species are protected under national laws and international agreements, and conservation programs focus on habitat restoration and prey management.

Notable species include the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) and various Neotropical river otters, such as Lontra longicaudis, among others in the Americas.