mustelid

Mustelids are members of the family Mustelidae, a diverse group of carnivorous mammals that includes weasels, ferrets, minks, otters, badgers, martens, and wolverines. In many classifications skunks are placed in a separate family, Mephitidae, but some sources still group them with mustelids. Mustelids are found across the Northern Hemisphere and parts of Africa, occupying a wide range of habitats from forests and grasslands to wetlands and mountains. Otters are notably aquatic, while other mustelids are more terrestrial or burrowing.

They typically have elongated bodies with short legs, a high metabolism, thick fur, and scent glands used for defense and marking. Their dentition is adapted for carnivory, with sharp canines and carnassial teeth. Adaptations vary by species, with otters developing strong swimming limbs and webbed feet, while badgers and wolverines are more suited to digging or endurance foraging.

Most mustelids are solitary, territorial, and opportunistic feeders. Diets include small mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, insects, and carrion; some species specialize, such as sea otters feeding heavily on invertebrates, or wolverines preying on larger animals when available. Reproduction often involves delayed implantation, with litter sizes ranging from 1 to 12 depending on species; juveniles are born blind and helpless and cared for by the mother.

Many mustelids face threats from habitat loss, hunting, and fur trade. Some species are of conservation concern; the sea otter and various regional populations are listed as threatened or of special concern in some areas, while others remain of least concern. Laws, protected areas, and, in some cases, captive breeding programs support their conservation.