HöchstspannungsKabel

Hochspannungskabel are electrical cables designed to transmit electrical power at very high voltages, typically above 100 kilovolts (kV). These cables are crucial components of national and international power grids, enabling the efficient transfer of large amounts of electricity over long distances. Their construction is specialized to withstand the immense electrical stress and thermal loads associated with high voltage transmission.

The core of a Hochspannungskabel consists of one or more conductors, usually made of stranded aluminum or copper, which carry the electrical current. Surrounding the conductor is an insulation layer, most commonly made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) or oil-impregnated paper. This insulation is critical for preventing electrical breakdown and ensuring the safe operation of the cable. Multiple layers of semiconducting materials are often used to control the electric field distribution within the insulation, further enhancing its performance and preventing partial discharges.

A protective sheath, typically made of metal (like lead or aluminum) or specialized polymers, encloses the insulation. This sheath serves as a moisture barrier and provides mechanical protection against damage. For underground installations, a further outer jacket, often made of PVC or PE, offers additional protection against environmental factors. Hochspannungskabel can be used in various configurations, including underground, submarine, and overhead lines, although the term most commonly refers to insulated cables. The design and manufacturing of these cables require precise engineering and rigorous testing to ensure reliability and safety in the demanding environment of power transmission.