grids

Grids are networks of intersecting lines that provide a reference framework for organizing space, data, or resources. They help impose order, scale, and alignment across a wide range of disciplines, including mathematics, design, cartography, urban planning, and energy systems.

In mathematics and computing, a grid usually refers to a coordinate or lattice: a regular array of points, lines, or cells such as Cartesian (square) grids, polar grids, or hexagonal grids. Grids support measurements, plotting, and discrete modeling, and they form the basis of pixel grids in computer graphics and data grids in spreadsheets.

In cartography and geography, map grids partition the surface into rectangular or other-shaped zones, often using latitude/longitude, universal transverse Mercator (UTM), or other gridding schemes to locate features precisely.

In urban planning and architecture, street grids organize city blocks and block sizes; famous examples include the rectilinear grid of Manhattan. In graphic design and typography, grid systems—such as column grids, margins, baseline grids, and modular grids—guide the placement and rhythm of content.

In energy and infrastructure, electrical grids distribute power across regions; the term also extends to microgrids and grid reliability concepts in power networks. In data systems and UI design, grids structure layouts and interfaces to support responsive behavior and legibility.

Historically, grids appear in ancient urban planning and in mathematical lattices studied in geometry; they have evolved with technology, from geometric grids on parchment to digital grids in software and networks.