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grids

Grids are networks of intersecting lines that provide a reference framework for organizing space, data, or resources. They help impose order, scale, and alignment across a wide range of disciplines, including mathematics, design, cartography, urban planning, and energy systems.

In mathematics and computing, a grid usually refers to a coordinate or lattice: a regular array of

In cartography and geography, map grids partition the surface into rectangular or other-shaped zones, often using

In urban planning and architecture, street grids organize city blocks and block sizes; famous examples include

In energy and infrastructure, electrical grids distribute power across regions; the term also extends to microgrids

Historically, grids appear in ancient urban planning and in mathematical lattices studied in geometry; they have

points,
lines,
or
cells
such
as
Cartesian
(square)
grids,
polar
grids,
or
hexagonal
grids.
Grids
support
measurements,
plotting,
and
discrete
modeling,
and
they
form
the
basis
of
pixel
grids
in
computer
graphics
and
data
grids
in
spreadsheets.
latitude/longitude,
universal
transverse
Mercator
(UTM),
or
other
gridding
schemes
to
locate
features
precisely.
the
rectilinear
grid
of
Manhattan.
In
graphic
design
and
typography,
grid
systems—such
as
column
grids,
margins,
baseline
grids,
and
modular
grids—guide
the
placement
and
rhythm
of
content.
and
grid
reliability
concepts
in
power
networks.
In
data
systems
and
UI
design,
grids
structure
layouts
and
interfaces
to
support
responsive
behavior
and
legibility.
evolved
with
technology,
from
geometric
grids
on
parchment
to
digital
grids
in
software
and
networks.