Hanen

Hanen is the Dutch term for adult male chickens, commonly referred to as roosters in English. In a domestic flock, a han is an adult male Gallus gallus domesticus. The plural hanen is used when discussing multiple males. Roosters play a role in breeding, flock dynamics, and, in some systems, meat production.

Physical characteristics

Roosters are typically larger than hens and have more prominent combs and wattles, longer tail feathers, and sharper spurs on the legs. Plumage varies by breed and can be striking, with males often displaying brighter colors and more elaborate patterns during courtship.

Behavior and social structure

Roosters establish a social order within the flock and often crow to mark territory and attract hens. They may perform courtship displays and mate with hens; mating usually involves mounting. While some roosters are protective, they can also be aggressive toward other roosters or humans. Temperament varies by breed and individual, and management practices influence behavior.

Roles in flocks and farming

One rooster can fertilize eggs for a flock that includes many hens, though many egg-producing systems keep no rooster to avoid fertilization and to reduce aggression. In breeding programs, managers monitor the rooster-to-hen ratio (commonly around 1:8 to 1:10) and behavior to maintain harmony. Roosters can also be raised for meat in mixed-age flocks, though older roosters are less common for table use.

Care and housing

Roosters require adequate space, predator protection, fresh water, and a balanced diet. In mixed flocks, housing should provide separate space for hens and roosters to reduce stress and protect vulnerable birds, with secure roosting and nest areas.