Hammastus

Hammastus refers to the medical condition characterized by the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, often occurring during sleep (known as bruxism). The term originates from the Latin *hammus*, meaning "hook," and *dare*, meaning "to bite," reflecting the action of gnashing teeth. This condition can affect individuals of all ages, though it is most commonly diagnosed in adults and children.

The exact cause of hammastus is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of factors, including stress, anxiety, misaligned teeth, an abnormal bite, or an overactive reflex. Sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, may also contribute to its development. Additionally, certain medications, caffeine, alcohol, and smoking can exacerbate the condition.

Symptoms of hammastus often include worn-down tooth enamel, increased tooth sensitivity, jaw pain or soreness, headaches, and damaged fillings or crowns. In severe cases, it may lead to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, which affect the joint connecting the jaw to the skull. Over time, persistent grinding can cause structural damage to teeth, necessitating dental interventions such as crowns or bridges.

Diagnosis typically involves a dental examination to assess tooth wear and jaw function, along with patient reports of symptoms. In some cases, a sleep study may be recommended to rule out underlying sleep-related issues. Treatment options vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. Mild cases may be managed through stress reduction techniques, such as relaxation exercises or therapy. For more persistent grinding, dental professionals may recommend a custom-fitted mouthguard, known as an occlusal splint, to protect teeth and reduce muscle tension.

In severe or chronic cases, addressing contributing factors such as dental misalignment or sleep disorders may be necessary. Orthodontic treatment, such as braces or bite adjustments, can help realign teeth and reduce grinding. In some instances, medications or muscle relaxants may be prescribed under medical supervision. Early intervention is key to preventing long-term dental damage and improving overall oral health.