Ghreliini

Ghreliini is a tribe within the subfamily Arvicolinae, commonly known as voles and lemmings. This tribe comprises several genera of small rodents that are primarily found in the Palearctic and Nearctic regions. Members of Ghreliini are characterized by their relatively short tails and robust bodies, adapted for a burrowing lifestyle. Their diet typically consists of grasses, seeds, roots, and bark.

The tribe's taxonomy has been subject to revision over time, with the exact composition of genera and species within Ghreliini varying based on different phylogenetic studies. However, common genera often included are Mimomys, Dicrostonyx, and Lemmus. Mimomys, an extinct genus, is particularly significant as it represents a lineage that gave rise to many extant vole groups. Dicrostonyx (collared lemmings) and Lemmus (true lemmings) are well-known for their adaptations to arctic environments, including seasonal fur changes and the ability to survive in harsh conditions.

Reproduction in Ghreliini species is generally rapid, with short gestation periods and large litter sizes, allowing for quick population growth, especially in favorable conditions. This reproductive strategy is crucial for their survival in environments with fluctuating resources and high predation pressure. The ecological role of Ghreliini is significant; they serve as a primary food source for various predators, including owls, foxes, and weasels, and their burrowing activities can influence soil structure and vegetation distribution. Their populations can exhibit cyclical fluctuations, a phenomenon particularly studied in lemming species.