Eagles

Eagles are large birds of prey in the family Accipitridae. The term refers to several lineages of strong, hooked-beaked raptors, including true eagles in the genus Aquila, sea eagles such as Haliaeetus, and other groups like Harpia. There are roughly 60 species commonly called eagles, distributed across Eurasia, Africa, the Americas, and Australia. They are typically top predators in their ecosystems, occupying a variety of habitats from mountains to coastlines.

Physically, eagles are robust birds with broad wings and long tails, adapted for powerful flight and versatile hunting. Adults vary in size and plumage among species, with females generally larger than males. They possess keen eyesight, strong beaks, and large talons, all suited to grasping and subduing prey. Wingspans range from about 1.2 to over 2.5 meters in the largest species.

Eagles are carnivorous and opportunistic, feeding on a wide range of animals including mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. Sea and river eagles often specialize in fish, while forest and grassland species take mammals and birds. They commonly hunt by soaring and then swooping to capture prey, though some species hunt from perches or directly ambush animals on the ground or in water.

Reproduction involves monogamous pairs that defend territories. Nests, called aeries, are built high in trees or on cliffs and are reused for multiple years. Clutch size is usually 1–3 eggs, with lengthy incubation and a prolonged fledgling period during which both parents care for the young.

Conservation status varies by species. While many populations have rebounded due to protections and habitat management, several eagles remain threatened by habitat loss, poisoning, electrocution on power lines, and other human-related pressures.