Aulonocara

Aulonocara is a genus of cichlid fishes in the family Cichlidae, commonly known as peacock cichlids. Endemic to Lake Malawi in eastern Africa, they are among the best-known members of the lake’s diverse cichlid fauna and are popular in freshwater aquariums for their bright iridescent colors and active behavior.

They inhabit sandy substrates within the lake’s rocky and semi-structured habitats, often in mixed assemblages with other cichlids. Many species show strong sexual dimorphism, with males displaying vivid coloration used in courtship and territorial displays. Morphologically, Aulonocara possess a slender body and specialized oral structures that aid in feeding on small invertebrates found by probing the sand.

Biology and breeding: Most Aulonocara species are maternal mouthbrooders. After courtship, the female incubates eggs and fry in her mouth for about one to several weeks, while the male defends the territory. Diet is omnivorous, including crustaceans, insect larvae, and algae.

In the aquarium hobby: They require a tank with a sandy bottom, rockwork, and plenty of hiding places. They are relatively peaceful compared with some mbuna, but males can be territorial during breeding. Maintain stable, alkaline water conditions typical of Lake Malawi and avoid keeping them with overly aggressive species.

Taxonomy and diversity: The genus includes numerous described species and color forms, and the taxonomic status of some populations is subject to revision. Aulonocara remains a popular and scientifically interesting group within Malawi cichlids.