wasp

Wasps are a diverse group of insects in the order Hymenoptera. The term encompasses a wide range of species, from highly social hornets and yellowjackets to solitary potter wasps and mud daubers. They differ from bees in body shape, generally having a more slender waist and less body hair. Adults typically feed on nectar, while larvae are usually fed protein-rich prey such as caterpillars or flies. Females possess an ovipositor that is modified into a stinger used for defense or prey capture.

Most wasps undergo complete metamorphosis, with life stages that include egg, larva, pupa, and adult. In many temperate regions, social wasp colonies are annual. A queen starts a nest in spring, workers emerge to expand the colony, and later in the season new queens and males mate and disperse. As winter approaches, many colonies die, while some queens overwinter in sheltered locations to start new nests the following year.

Nest types and habitats vary. Many social wasps build paper nests from chewed wood fibers, producing gray, papery structures that hang from branches, eaves, or other surfaces. Others nest underground or in cavities. Genera commonly encountered by people include Vespa (hornets), Vespula and Dolichovespula (yellowjackets), and Polistes (paper wasps). Potters and mud daubers are examples of more solitary wasps that construct distinctive clay or mud nests.

Ecology and interactions with humans vary. Wasps are predators of many pest insects and can contribute to natural pest control, though they can also be defensive and deliver painful stings. Most stings occur when a nest is disturbed or threatened. Allergic reactions can be serious, so professional removal is advised for occupied nests near human activity. Wasps are found worldwide, in a range of habitats from forests to urban areas.