robotcell

A robotcell, sometimes written as 'robot cell' or 'robotic work cell', is a self-contained automated workstation that combines one or more industrial robots, end-effectors, fixtures, safety devices, and control software to perform defined tasks with minimal human intervention. It enables repetitive or hazardous operations with high precision.

A typical robotcell includes a robot arm (or multiple arms), end-effectors such as grippers or welding torches, fixtures to hold parts, a material-handling or transfer system, sensors for feedback, and safety equipment such as fences or light curtains. The control system may be a dedicated robot controller, a programmable logic controller (PLC), and integrated software for programming and commissioning. Communication standards in use include Ethernet-based fieldbuses like EtherNet/IP, PROFINET, and Modbus.

Robotcells are used to automate production steps such as welding, painting, assembly, pick-and-place, and inspection. They can operate standalone as a single-task cell or be integrated with conveyors and other cells to form a larger line. In small- to medium-sized facilities, a robotcell can provide rapid changeovers and consistent throughput.

There are traditional robotcells with fixed automation and multi-robot cells working in coordinated sequences. Collaborative robotcells, or cobot cells, employ built-in safety features that allow human work in close proximity, while restricting speed and power to safe levels. Standards and risk assessments, such as ISO 10218 for industrial robots and ISO/TS 15066 for cobots, guide design and operation.

Applications span automotive, electronics, consumer goods, pharmaceuticals, and logistics. Benefits include higher productivity, improved quality, reduced labor costs, and safer handling of dangerous tasks. Limitations can include upfront capital cost, capital-intensive maintenance, integration complexity, and the need for skilled programming and maintenance staff.

The term robotcell entered common use with the broader adoption of industrial automation in the late 20th century and continues to evolve with advances in sensing, perception, and collaborative robotics.