commissioning

Commissioning is a systematic process aimed at ensuring that a system, facility, or piece of equipment meets its design intent and operates safely, reliably, and efficiently. It covers activities from early planning and design reviews through construction, installation, testing, start-up, and handover to operations. The process seeks to verify performance against defined criteria, identify defects or misalignments, and produce operating manuals, maintenance plans, and training for staff.

A commissioning plan outlines objectives, performance criteria, responsibilities, schedule, and acceptance milestones. Key activities include pre-commissioning (equipment verification, cleaning, flushing, pressure and electrical tests), functional testing of systems and controls, integration and sequence testing, performance testing under design loads, and commissioning sign-offs. Documentation is collected and archived; training is provided; and an as-built record is produced.

Commissioning is distinct from startup; startup refers to the initial operation of a system, while commissioning verifies that the system is built and configured to meet design intent and is ready for full operation. In building construction, building commissioning is a formal quality assurance process for integrating and optimizing building systems (HVAC, electrical, plumbing, controls) to achieve documented energy and performance goals.

Outcomes include validated performance, reduced risk, and documented knowledge for operators; it is often required by contracts, regulations, or industry standards. Commissioning may apply to industrial plants, power stations, process facilities, and, in some contexts, software deployments.