selfcontained

Self-contained describes something designed to operate independently from external inputs or support, providing all necessary components within a single unit or package. The term is used across domains to emphasize autonomy and completeness, and can refer to physical spaces, software, devices, or systems.

In real estate, a self-contained dwelling (often called a self-contained flat or unit) includes its own living area, kitchen or kitchenette, and bathroom, separate from other units in the building. This arrangement allows private facilities and is common in rental markets worldwide; terminology and requirements vary by country.

In technology and electronics, self-contained often means a program, device, or package that does not require installation of external libraries or services to run. A standalone or self-contained application includes its runtime dependencies in a single package. In hardware contexts, self-contained systems may include all subsystems within one chassis. The term is also used for specialized equipment such as self-contained breathing apparatus, which provides an independent air supply.

In ecological or organizational contexts, self-contained describes closed-loop or autonomous setups designed to minimize external input, such as a self-contained habitat or a self-contained energy system. The concept contrasts with centralized or network-dependent configurations and is often tied to ideas of resilience and portability.

Etymology and usage notes: the term combines “self” and “contained,” with records dating to the early 20th century. Related terms include standalone, autonomous, and self-sufficient, though each carries nuances about dependency and packaging.