automate

Automate means to make a process operate automatically, typically by using technology to control machines, devices, and software with minimal human intervention. Automation is the broader field that designs systems to perform tasks without continuous input. Mechanization substitutes human labor with machines; automation aims to reduce the need for human decision making in operations.

Automation spans industries and forms, including industrial automation with programmable logic controllers and sensors; process automation for chemical and water plants; software automation for testing and deployment; and home automation for consumer devices. Robotic process automation applies software bots to routine office tasks.

The concept arose with the growth of manufacturing and the development of sensors, control systems, and computing. The term automation became common in the mid-20th century, and its reach expanded with electronics, robotics, and artificial intelligence.

Benefits include higher efficiency, consistency, safety, and long-term cost savings, while challenges include high initial costs, integration with legacy systems, maintenance, reliability, cybersecurity, and potential workforce impacts.

Current trends emphasize AI-enabled automation, edge computing, and autonomous systems, requiring careful planning, governance, and risk management to address safety, privacy, and compliance.